Material Basic Photograph and Lighting

#Basic Photograph 

ViewFinder

One important part of the camera is the viewfinder (viewfinder). There are two shooting systems, namely: a. viewfinder separate from the lens (viewfinder type) dan b. shooting through the lens (Reflex type). SLR cameras, as the name suggests (Single Lens Reflex), using the shooting system of the second kind. Photographer's eye to see the subject through the lens, so there is no parallax, ie the situation where the photographer does not see accurately the indication of the existence of the subject through the lens so that no parts are missing when printing photos. This parallax situation basically occurred in very close up shots using the camera viewfinder.

Types of lenses

• The standard lens. This lens is also called normal lens. Measuring 50 mm and provide natural shots of characters.
• Wide-Angle Lens. Lenses of this type can be used to capture a vast subject in a narrow space. The character of this lens is to make the subject less than the actual size. By using this type of lens, in the room we can shoot more and more people are lined up when compared with a standard lens. The shorter the focus distance, then the width of his views. The size of this lens beragan ranging from 17 mm, 24 mm, 28 mm and 35 mm.
• Fish eye lens is a lens wide angle lens with a diameter of 14 mm, 15 mm and 16 mm. These lenses provide 180-degree view. The resulting warped image.
• Tele lens. Is the inverse telephoto lens wide angle lens. Function of this lens is to get closer to the subject, but the narrow viewing angle. Which includes a telephoto lens is a lens measuring 70 mm and above. Due to the narrow view angle, telephoto lens will blur the surrounding field. However this is not a problem because it used a telephoto lens to get closer view and to focus on a particular subject.
• Zoom lens. A combination of a standard lens, wide angle lens, telephoto and Lesa. The size of the lens is not fixed, for example 80-200 mm. This lens is quite flexible and has a fairly wide range of lenses. Therefore, the zoom lens is widely used, because users only need to turn the lens size as required.
• Macro lens. Used a macro lens for photographing small objects.

Image source

Shutter speed

Shutter speed (shutter speed) mean cover (to shut = closed). At the time we press a button to take pictures, there was the opening so that light enters the lens and the film. Job shutter is opened and then closed again.

Shutter speed is the speed of the shutter opens and closes again. Shutter speed can be set. If we choose 1/100, then it will open for 1/100 sec.

Scale shutter speed varies. There are B, 1, ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, ff. Ranging from ½ to 1/1000 usually just called the numbers below it. This means that 100 = 1/100 and 2 ½ seconds means. But if the number 2 is colored, it will mean is 2 seconds.

While the bulb B means, that if the button is pressed the shutter opens, and when the button is released then the shutter closes.

The thing to remember is, the longer the shutter speed, the amount of light entering more and more. The bigger the number, the higher the shutter speed (the faster the shutter will open and close)

• Fast speed we used to shoot a moving object. The faster movement of the object, the greater the rate shutter speed we need.

• Slow Speed, If the fast-moving objects photographed with a low shutter speed, then the result is that the image will appear blurry, as if swept, but the background is clear. This effect is sometimes good and create a sense of motion of the object photographed.

Another way is by moving the camera in the direction of object motion (panning) to coincide with the release button. The results of the background image is blurred, but picture the subject is clear. How clear or subject blurring 

Image Source

Depth of Field

Depth of field is the distance between the subject of the closest and most distant that can appear in sharp focus an image. For example, if we take pictures of trees that stood in ranks bersaf, then it will look at the photos that have been printed are few trees in the front was clear back then getting increasingly blurred.

Depth of field depends on:

• Diaphragm. The smaller the aperture, the greater depth of field is generated. Full aperture will produce depth of field is very shallow.
• Lens focal length (focal length). The longer the focal length, the narrower the depth of field. Therefore, a wide angle lens has a depth of field is very large.
• Shooting distance. The closer the distance, the narrow depth of field is generated.

Is a function of depth of field to blur the background if the background is not in accordance with the subject.

#Lighting

Lighting or exposure is the quantity of light is allowed to enter; intensity (governed by the lens opening) and duration (governed by the shutter speed) and the incoming light on the film.

Films with high ASA, require less light to produce clear images. In contrast, films with low ASA requires a lot of light to produce clear images.

Exposure was measured by a device called a light-meter. If the light-meter shows the lack of light, then we can reduce the aperture or slow shutter speed. Conversely, if the light-meter shows the advantages of light then we can enlarge the aperture or shutter speed accelerates.

• Overexposure, A situation where the amount of light entering too much. The resulting image will be too bright.
• Underexposure, A situation where the amount of light coming in too little. This situation produces a dark image

This is two materials that i got in the course... 

Source : http://izetlorokaye.blogspot.com/2012/05/komponen-kamera-slr.html and google.com

♥♥♥♥♥♥ Photograph ♥♥♥♥♥♥

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